ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Determination of digestive enzymes activity would provide critical information in the design of appropriate diet. Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta is found in the Persian Gulf and cultured in countries adjacent to it.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated proteolytic, amylase and lipase activities in the intestine of Sparidentex hasta captured from the Persian Gulf.
METHODS: 60 immature S. hasta [mean weight: 520 +/- 50g] were captured during summer and autumn of 2012 from Mussa Creek, North West of the Persian Gulf. After euthanization, fish were dissected and the complete digestive tracts [from stomach to anus] were removed. The intestines were separated for each fish and divided to 3 parts; proximal, mid portion and distal. After homogenization, supernatants were removed and enzymes activities were assayed chemically.
RESULTS: The highest activity of protease [395.2 +/- 32.6 mU mg-1 protein] was recorded in the proximal portion of the intestine compare to the 2 other parts [p<0.05] but amylase and lipase activities did not show a significant difference in 3 parts of the intestine [p>0.05].
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the pattern of activity of digestive enzymes in S. hasta is consistent with the overall pattern of digestive enzymes activity in carnivorous fish. These data can be used to design special diets for this species.
ABSTRACT
Subclinical ketosis can cause greater economic loss due to a lack of clinical symptoms. The present study was aimed to design a chemical method for measuring serum ketone bodies in the affected subclinical cows. Acetoacetate concentrations were measured using a nitroprusside reaction and beta-hydroxy butyric acid [BHBA] which was oxidized to acetoacetate using nanosilver particles to determine its concentration. Recovery tests were done for different concentrations of betahydroxy butyrate in bovine pooled serum. Actoacetate levels were in range of 0.1-6 mM, and the values for BHBA were found to be in the range of 0.125-3 mM. It was concluded that this technique can be considered as a simple method for measuring ketone bodies in biological fluids
Subject(s)
Animals , Ketosis , Cattle , 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid , AcetoacetatesABSTRACT
The use of IgYs in a variety of methods in different areas of research, diagnostics, medical application and biotechnology should be considered widely. Development of antibodies against extra cellular domain of influenza M2 [M2e] protein in egg yolk of laying hens. A Fusion construct harboring C-terminal of bovine heat shock protein 70 [Hsp70] and influenza M2e coding genes was injected to laying hens. Serum and egg yolk antibodies were screened for the presence of anti-M2e antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Anti-M2e antibodies were detected in egg yolks and sera of injected hens from 13 and 7 days post injection [PI], with the peak titer detected on 41 and 35 days PI, respectively. Anti-M2e IgY titers could be an index for expression potential of pcDNA3.1-M2e-HspCterminal construct in laying hens. This construct could be considered as a promising tool in production of anti-M2e polyclonal, monospecific IgY antibodies. Such anti-M2e antibodies could be exploited for influenza diagnostic and therapeutic measures
ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome [MES] is associated with a high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as well as cut-off points for waist circumference [WC] for diagnosis of MES in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Totally, 1802 people [735 men and 1067 women] with metabolic syndrome were surveyed according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] and the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria as well as obtained WC cut-off points for IDF criteria. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women than in men. In both sexes the prevalence increased with age. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 1802 individuals aged>/=19 years according to NCEP ATP III, IDF and IDF-AHA/NHLBI were 21.0% [15.4% in male, 24.9% female], 24.8 [20.0% in male, 28.1% in female] and 23.3% [19.7% in male, 25.8% in female], respectively. Low HDL-C [60.6%] and high WC [43.3%] were the most common components of the metabolic syndrome, followed by high triglycerides [32%], elevated glucose [17.1%] and high blood pressure [13%]. Our data shows a high prevalence of MES in Zahedan, Southeast Iran, therefore, future health prevention strategies are required for the prevention of MES
ABSTRACT
Statement of Problem: Determining the appropriate Working Length [WL] is an important factor in the success of root canal therapy. Several methods are available for this purpose but radiography is the mostly used one
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the conventional and self -developing films with a Gold standard in estimation of the working length
Materials and Method: In this descriptive study, radiographs were obtained with conventional and self-developing films from 45 mesiobuccal maxillary molar root canals which were mounted on a phantom head. Conventional films were processed automatically and self-developing films manually in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The radiographs were examined by three endodontologists and one oral and maxillofacial radiologist under doubleblind conditions. Actual working lengths were measured on each tooth [Gold standard] and then measurements from each film type were compared together and against the Gold Standard. The data were analyzed using t-test and paired t-test
Results: The average difference in WL between the conventional and self-developing films measured against the Gold standard was 0.33 mm and 0.14 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two types of films and the Gold standard [p =0.06 and p =0.7, respectively]. Also, there was no significant difference between these two types of films for estimation of the working length [p =0.4]
Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between these two types of films, the assessment shows that self-developing films produced more accurate results in estimation of the working length. It is concluded that in the absence of dark room and processing solutions, self-developing films can be suitably used instead of conventional films
ABSTRACT
In order to study the bacterial flora of dead-in-shell ostrich chicks, twelve unhatched eggs which did not have external pipping during the hatching period were transferred to the laboratory of microbiology. The egg shells were accurately disinfected and the embryos were removed and placed in a sterile plate. The surface of each embryo was swabbed with a sterile swab which was also plunged through the yolk sac and the embryo contents and the swab were inoculated into tryptic soy broth [TSB] or nutrient broth. To enrich Salmonella spp., another swab was prepared as above and inoculated into Selenite-F broth. These media were incubated at 37 [degree sign] C for 24 h and then subcultured by streak plate method on solid media. Different bacterial colonies on solid media were isolated in pure cultures for further identification. The results of this study showed that the predominant bacterial flora of dead-in-shell embryos of ostrich were Bacillus spp. [455] and Staphylococcus spp. [25%]
ABSTRACT
Primary neoplasms of the adrenal cortex are rare in children and differ from their counterparts in term of clinical characteristics. The studies revealed that prognosis of these tumors are not as bad as previous expectation. Differentiation between adenoma and carcinoma adrenal tumors in the absence of metastasis to other organs is impossible. The survival of the patients depends on the age, being longer in children under 5 years old The utilization of imaging surveys particularly CT scan and MRI facilitated the investigation of the children with early puberty and Cushing 's syndrome. However a combination of clinical finding and imaging methods is required. the patient was a 4.5 months old infant with Cushing's syndrome who presented with generalized edema. She was suspected to have adrenocortical neoplasm and subjected to the operation of left side adrenalectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination of the patient biopsy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms , Child , Age Factors , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Round heart disease is a disease of unknown etiology in turkey. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different amounts of sodium chloride in inducing cardiomyopathy in turkey poults. There are some reports that hypoxia and furazolidone can induce cardiomyopathy in turkey. Two hundred 2- day-old turkey poults were wing-banded and placed randomly into 6 groups and 24 replicates [4 replicates for each group]. The 6 groups received commercial turkey starter diet contain 0.12, 0.17, 0.22. 0.27. 0.32 and 0.3 7% of sodium, respectively. They had access to food and water ad libitum. Suffering and dead birds were weighed and examined for post-mortem study. Live body weight of turkey poults measured individually on days 1, 2, 5 and 19. To study the hearts for presence of cardiomyopathy, on the day 19, all the poults were weighed and killed by cervical dislocation. The pieces of the hearts were placed into numbered tubes, flash frozen by liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C for myoglobin and hemoglobin microassay. The assay was based on spectrophotometry and separated myoglobin and hemoglobin by ammonium sulphate extraction. For determination of cardiomyopathy the ratio of the inner cavity of left ventricle to the total diameter of the left ventricle [IC [IV]/TD [IV]] was calculated. Myopathic ratio for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 0.1, 0.29, 0.3, 0.34, 0.35 and 0.36, respectively. Turkey poults which received excessive salts drank more water which produced volume overload, more cardial muscle activity, needed more oxygen and were more likely to develop myopathy. Cardiac muscle myoglobin and hemoglobin microassay showed that there was no significant relationship between the amount of myoglobin and hemoglobin with the amount of diet sodium